gnabgib
What is normal?

ASCII

ASCII, UTF-7, or American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a 7 bit character encoding, which is included in Unicode.

dec hex bin chr
0 00 0000000 NUL
1 01 0000001 SOH
2 02 0000010 STX
3 03 0000011 ETC
4 04 0000100 EOT
5 05 0000101 ENQ
6 06 0000110 ACK
7 07 0000111 BEL
8 08 0001000 BS
9 09 0001001 HT
10 0A 0001010 LF
11 0B 0001011 VT
12 0C 0001100 FF
13 0D 0001101 CR
14 0E 0001110 SO
15 0F 0001111 SI
dec hex bin chr
16 10 0010000 DLE
17 11 0010001 DC1
18 12 0010010 DC2
19 13 0010011 DC3
20 14 0010100 DC4
21 15 0010101 NAK
22 16 0010110 SYN
23 17 0010111 ETB
24 18 0011000 CAN
25 19 0011001 EM
26 1A 0011010 SUB
27 1B 0011011 ESC
28 1C 0011100 FS
29 1D 0011101 GS
30 1E 0011110 RS
31 1F 0011111 US
dec hex bin chr
32 20 0100000 SP
33 21 0100001 !
34 22 0100010 "
35 23 0100011 #
36 24 0100100 $
37 25 0100101 %
38 26 0100110 &
39 27 0100111 '
40 28 0101000 (
41 29 0101001 )
42 2A 0101010 *
43 2B 0101011 +
44 2C 0101100 ,
45 2D 0101101 -
46 2E 0101110 .
47 2F 0101111 /
dec hex bin chr
48 30 0110000 0
49 31 0110001 1
50 32 0110010 2
51 33 0110011 3
52 34 0110100 4
53 35 0110101 5
54 36 0110110 6
55 37 0110111 7
56 38 0111000 8
57 39 0111001 9
58 3A 0111010 :
59 3B 0111011 ;
60 3C 0111100 <
61 3D 0111101 =
62 3E 0111110 >
63 3F 0111111 ?
dec hex bin chr
64 40 1000000 @
65 41 1000001 A
66 42 1000010 B
67 43 1000011 C
68 44 1000100 D
69 45 1000101 E
70 46 1000110 F
71 47 1000111 G
72 48 1001000 H
73 49 1001001 I
74 4A 1001010 J
75 4B 1001011 K
76 4C 1001100 L
77 4D 1001101 M
78 4E 1001110 N
79 4F 1001111 O
dec hex bin chr
80 50 1010000 P
81 51 1010001 Q
82 52 1010010 R
83 53 1010011 S
84 54 1010100 T
85 55 1010101 U
86 56 1010110 V
87 57 1010111 W
88 58 1011000 X
89 59 1011001 Y
90 5A 1011010 Z
91 5B 1011011 [
92 5C 1011100 \
93 5D 1011101 ]
94 5E 1011110 ^
95 5F 1011111 _
dec hex bin chr
96 60 1100000 `
97 61 1100001 a
98 62 1100010 b
99 63 1100011 c
100 64 1100100 d
101 65 1100101 e
102 66 1100110 f
103 67 1100111 g
104 68 1101000 h
105 69 1101001 i
106 6A 1101010 j
107 6B 1101011 k
108 6C 1101100 l
109 6D 1101101 m
110 6E 1101110 n
111 6F 1101111 o
dec hex bin chr
112 70 1110000 p
113 71 1110001 q
114 72 1110010 r
115 73 1110011 s
116 74 1110100 t
117 75 1110101 u
118 76 1110110 v
119 77 1110111 w
120 78 1111000 x
121 79 1111001 y
122 7A 1111010 z
123 7B 1111011 {
124 7C 1111100 |
125 7D 1111101 }
126 7E 1111110 ~
127 7F 1111111 DEL

To lower case: To convert upper case letters to lower case, you can OR the character with SP, which sets the fifth bit.
A (1000001) | SP (0100000) = a (1100001)
a (1100001) | SP (0100000) = a (1100001) (no change)

To upper case: To convert lower case letters to upper case, you can AND the character with _ which clears the fifth bit.
A (1000001) & _ (1011111) = A (1000001) (no change)
a (1100001) & _ (1011111) = A (1000001)